Rhino Rat Snakes: An Underrated Arboreal Species

by Jan 13, 2025

Rhino rat snakes (Gonyosoma boulengeri), also known as Vietnamese long-nosed rat snakes, are a unique and captivating species of colubrid. Their distinct appearance, featuring a horn-like projection on their snout, and their manageable size make them a fascinating choice for experienced reptile keepers. Here is a comprehensive guide to their care.

Basic Information
  • Common Name: Rhino Rat Snake
  • Scientific Name: Gonyosoma boulengeri
  • Lifespan: 15-20 years in captivity with proper care
  • Size: 4-5 feet in length as adults
  • Temperament: Generally docile but can be shy or defensive when stressed
Fun Facts

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Habitat and Housing

Enclosure

  • Tank Size:

    • Juveniles: 20-gallon long tank or equivalent.

    • Adults: Minimum 120-gallon enclosure to provide climbing space.

  • Material: Front-opening glass or PVC enclosures are ideal for easy access and viewing.

Substrate

  • Options: Soil-clay-sand mixture, coconut coir, or cypress mulch.

  • Depth: At least 3-4 inches to support light burrowing and moisture retention.

  • Spot Cleaning: Remove waste promptly and replace substrate entirely every 4-6 weeks.

Enrichment

  • Hides: Provide multiple hides on both the warm and cool sides of the enclosure.

  • Climbing Structures: Rhino rat snakes are arboreal, so include branches, vines, and sturdy decor for climbing.

  • Enrichment Items: Artificial plants, cork bark, and textured surfaces enhance their environment.

Vietnam lush hills

Temperature

  • Warm Side: 82-85°F (28-29°C)

  • Cool Side: 72-75°F (22-24°C)

  • Nighttime: 68-70°F (20-21°C)

  • Monitoring: Use digital thermometers and a thermostat to maintain consistent temperatures.

Humidity

  • Level: Maintain humidity at 60-80%.

  • Support: Use a misting system or spray the enclosure lightly daily. A humid hide is also beneficial.

UVB Lighting

  • Rhino rat snakes do not strictly require UVB lighting, but low-level UVB (2-5%) can support overall health and natural behavior.

  • Use a 12-hour day/night cycle.

UVB Lighting

Rhino rat snakes do not strictly require UVB lighting, but low-level UVB (2-5%) can support overall health and natural behavior.

Use a 12-hour day/night cycle.

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Prey

  • Type: Appropriately sized frozen-thawed rodents (mice or small rats).

  • Size: Prey should be no wider than the widest part of the snake’s body.

  • Thawing: Ensure prey is fully thawed and warmed to room temperature before feeding.

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Water

Provide a shallow water dish large enough for soaking. Change water daily to maintain cleanliness.

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Handling and Temperment

  • Handle your rhino rat snake 1-2 times per week to maintain tameness, but avoid overhandling.

  • Allow newly acquired snakes to acclimate for at least two weeks before handling.

  • Always approach calmly and support the snake’s body during handling.

Health and Wellness

  • Common Issues

    • Shedding Problems: Ensure proper humidity to prevent retained shed.

    • Respiratory Infections: Watch for wheezing, open-mouth breathing, or nasal discharge; consult a veterinarian if symptoms appear.

    • Stress: Signs include refusal to eat or defensive behaviors; evaluate enclosure setup and environmental conditions.

    Signs of a Healthy Snake

    • Bright, alert eyes

    • Smooth, even shedding

    • Active and curious behavior

    • Regular feeding and normal defecation

Cleaning and Maintenance

  • Daily: Spot clean for waste and uneaten prey.

  • Weekly: Check and clean water dishes, hides, and decor.

  • Monthly: Perform a deep clean of the enclosure using reptile-safe disinfectants.

Additional Tips

  • Rhino rat snakes are sensitive to stress; provide ample hiding spots and a calm environment.

  • Avoid housing multiple snakes together, as they are solitary.

  • Regularly monitor temperature and humidity to ensure optimal conditions.

By following this care sheet, you can provide a safe, healthy, and enriching environment for your rhino rat snake. Their striking appearance and fascinating behaviors make them a rewarding species to keep.